Our Biomarkers

The primary male sex hormone, also important in women. Influences energy, muscle mass, body composition, libido, mood, and long-term bone density.

The biologically active fraction of testosterone that your cells can actually use. Key for energy, muscle recovery, and libido.

The portion of testosterone available for your body to use, including both free and loosely bound fractions. A more complete picture than free testosterone alone.

A ratio reflecting active testosterone relative to the protein that binds it (SHBG). Indicates how much androgenic activity is available.

A protein that binds sex hormones including testosterone and oestrogen. Influences how much of those hormones are free and active in your body.

The primary active form of oestrogen. Essential for bone density, cardiovascular health, mood regulation, and reproductive function in both sexes.

Produced primarily in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Supports mood, sleep quality, and reproductive health.

A pituitary hormone primarily known for its role in lactation. Elevated levels can affect reproductive hormones and are worth investigating.

Released by the pituitary gland to signal the ovaries or testes. Key for assessing fertility, cycle regularity, and gonadal function.

A pituitary hormone that signals testosterone production in men and ovulation in women. Works in concert with FSH.

Compares the two key pituitary hormones that regulate reproductive function. Useful for assessing cycle health and screening for conditions like PCOS.

Produced by the liver in response to growth hormone. A useful proxy for longer-term growth hormone axis activity, relevant to muscle repair, fat metabolism, and cellular health.

Released by the pituitary gland. Plays a central role in muscle repair, fat metabolism, and cellular recovery. Heavily influenced by sleep and body composition.

A precursor hormone produced by the adrenals and gonads that converts into both testosterone and oestrogen. Relevant for hormone balance and conditions like PCOS.

A steroid hormone precursor in the cortisol synthesis pathway. Used to assess adrenal enzyme function and screen for congenital adrenal conditions.

Reflects the balance between androgenic and oestrogenic activity. Important for male hormonal health, body composition, and mood.

The proportion of total testosterone that is unbound and biologically active. Reveals whether SHBG is limiting testosterone availability.

Your main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. Morning cortisol helps you wake up and stay alert. Reflects how well your stress response is functioning.

Produced by the adrenal glands and serves as a building block for testosterone and oestrogen. Levels naturally decline with age and are sensitive to chronic stress.

An adrenal hormone that regulates sodium, potassium, blood pressure, and fluid balance. Important for understanding electrolyte regulation and blood pressure changes.

Compares stress output (cortisol) to recovery capacity (DHEA-S). A marker of adrenal reserve and how well your body is coping with load.

Compares catabolic (cortisol) to anabolic (testosterone) activity. Used in sports science to assess recovery readiness and training load management.

Produced by the pituitary to regulate the thyroid gland. The gold standard screening marker for thyroid function.

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Converted into active T3 in peripheral tissues. Essential for metabolic rate and energy.

The active thyroid hormone your cells use for metabolism. Low levels can reflect poor conversion from T4, often driven by nutrient deficiency or stress.

Measures how efficiently your body converts storage thyroid hormone (T4) into the active form (T3). A key marker for thyroid conversion health.

The combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is essential for hormone production and cell membranes, but balance matters.

Protective cholesterol that transports cholesterol away from artery walls back to the liver. Higher is generally better.

The primary driver of cholesterol deposition in artery walls. A key marker for cardiovascular risk, best interpreted alongside ApoB and ratios.

Fat molecules in the blood, strongly influenced by carbohydrate intake, alcohol, and insulin sensitivity. Elevated levels are a core component of metabolic syndrome.

The main structural protein of HDL. Plays a direct role in removing cholesterol from artery walls (reverse cholesterol transport).

Present on every atherogenic lipoprotein particle. Considered the single best blood marker for cardiovascular risk by leading cardiologists.

All cholesterol minus the protective HDL. Recommended by the AHA as a primary lipid target. Better than LDL alone.

Carries triglycerides from the liver to tissues. Reflects triglyceride metabolism efficiency.

Cholesterol carried by triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants. Causally linked to cardiovascular disease in genetic studies.

One of the most validated lipid risk markers (Castelli Risk Index). Compares total cholesterol to protective HDL.

The strongest lipid-derived proxy for insulin resistance. Also predicts small dense LDL particles.

Compares atherogenic to protective cholesterol. A simple balance metric for cardiovascular risk.

Compares atherogenic particle number to protective lipoprotein function. Identified by the INTERHEART study as the strongest independent lipid predictor of cardiovascular events.

A validated composite score predicting cardiovascular risk, small dense LDL, and arterial stiffness. Derived from triglycerides and HDL.

Blood sugar measured after an overnight fast. One of the earliest markers to shift as insulin resistance develops.

Reflects how hard your pancreas is working to keep blood sugar in range. Rising insulin is often the first metabolic signal, years before glucose changes.

A calculated score from fasting glucose and insulin that estimates insulin resistance. The clinical standard for metabolic assessment.

A validated algorithm combining multiple blood markers to estimate how quickly your body is ageing at a cellular level. Your real biological clock.

Combines fasting triglycerides and glucose into a single insulin resistance score. Validated across 300+ studies for predicting cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

The standard blood marker for systemic inflammation. Produced by the liver in response to inflammatory signals. Linked to cardiovascular and metabolic risk.

Measures how quickly red blood cells settle, reflecting overall inflammatory activity. A broad screening marker.

Compares innate to adaptive immune activity. One of the most validated composite inflammation markers, with over 3,000 published studies.

Reflects platelet-mediated inflammation relative to lymphocyte immunity. Validated in cardiovascular and cancer prognosis research.

The most comprehensive composite inflammation score, combining neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes. A single number for systemic inflammatory load.

Reflects monocyte-driven chronic inflammation relative to adaptive immunity. An emerging marker validated in cardiovascular disease research.

Combines acute inflammation (CRP) with nutritional status (albumin). A dual signal for inflammatory burden and recovery capacity.

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The most important single marker for anaemia screening.

The total number of red blood cells. Low counts mean less oxygen transport capacity.

The proportion of your blood made up of red blood cells. Reflects oxygen-carrying capacity and hydration status.

Reflects the average size of your red blood cells. Small cells suggest iron deficiency; large cells suggest B12 or folate issues.

The average amount of haemoglobin inside each red blood cell. Tracks closely with MCV for nutritional assessment.

The concentration of haemoglobin within red blood cells. Indicates whether cells are adequately filled.

Measures variation in red blood cell size. Elevated RDW can be an early sign of nutritional deficiency before other markers shift.

Your total immune cell count. Reflects overall immune system activity and capacity.

Your primary frontline immune cells against bacterial infection. The most abundant white blood cell type.

White blood cells responsible for identifying and clearing infections, and building immune memory. Central to adaptive immunity.

White blood cells that clear infection and damaged tissue. Part of the innate immune system.

Immune cells involved in allergic responses and parasite defence. Elevated levels can indicate allergies, asthma, or parasitic infection.

A rare type of white blood cell involved in allergic and inflammatory responses. Typically present in very small numbers.

The proportion of white blood cells that are lymphocytes. Shifts can reflect viral infection, stress, or immune activation.

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting and wound repair. Both high and low counts are clinically meaningful.

Reflects the average size of your platelets. Larger platelets are younger and more active.

The proportion of white blood cells that are neutrophils. Reflects the balance of immune cell types.

The proportion of white blood cells that are monocytes. Relevant to chronic inflammation assessment.

The proportion of white blood cells that are eosinophils. Helpful for allergy and immune profiling.

The proportion of white blood cells that are basophils. Typically very low and used for completeness in immune profiling.

A breakdown product of red blood cells, processed by the liver. Elevated levels can indicate liver stress, bile duct issues, or increased red cell turnover.

A liver enzyme released when liver cells are stressed or damaged. The most liver-specific of the standard enzymes.

An enzyme found in the liver and muscles. Elevated alongside ALT points to liver stress; elevated alone may reflect muscle damage.

A liver and bile duct enzyme sensitive to alcohol intake, fatty liver, and certain medications. Often the first liver marker to rise.

An enzyme found in liver, bone, and other tissues. Helps distinguish liver from bone sources when elevated.

Combined albumin and globulin in your blood. Reflects nutritional status and liver and immune function.

The main protein produced by the liver. Transports hormones, nutrients, and other compounds. A marker of liver synthetic function and nutritional status.

Proteins produced primarily by the immune system. Reflects immune activity and the balance between inflammation and liver function.

Compares liver-produced albumin to immune-produced globulin. Useful for assessing the balance between liver function and immune activation.

Compares the two main liver enzymes to help distinguish between different types of liver stress (fatty liver vs alcohol-related vs other).

Distinguishes liver-related from bone-related ALP elevation. A quick clinical tool for interpreting raised ALP.

An enzyme found in many tissues. Elevated levels can indicate tissue damage, haemolysis, or intense physical activity.

The main electrolyte regulating fluid balance and blood volume. Essential for nerve and muscle function.

Essential for heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and nerve signalling. Tightly regulated by the kidneys.

Works with sodium to maintain fluid balance and support acid-base regulation. Shifts often parallel sodium changes.

A key buffer maintaining your blood's pH balance. Reflects the body's acid-base equilibrium.

A calculated value assessing electrolyte balance and acid-base status. Useful for identifying metabolic disturbances.

Produced when your body breaks down protein, filtered by the kidneys. Reflects protein metabolism and kidney filtration.

A waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered at a constant rate by the kidneys. The basis for estimating kidney function.

A direct estimate of your kidneys' filtration rate. The standard clinical measure of kidney function.

Helps distinguish between kidney and non-kidney causes of elevated urea. Useful for assessing hydration and protein intake context.

Reflects the balance between these two key electrolytes. Linked to blood pressure and cardiovascular risk by the WHO.

Involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions including energy production, muscle function, sleep regulation, and nervous system signalling. One of the most common functional deficiencies.

Fundamental for muscle contraction, nerve signalling, and bone health. Tightly regulated by the body, with blood levels maintained at the expense of bone stores.

Corrects calcium for albumin levels to give a more accurate picture of true calcium availability. Important when albumin is abnormal.

Important for bone health, energy production (ATP synthesis), and cell function. Works in balance with calcium.

An enzyme released during muscle breakdown. A direct marker of mechanical muscle stress from training, injury, or overload.

A byproduct of purine metabolism. Elevated levels are associated with gout, kidney stones, and emerging evidence links it to cardiovascular and metabolic risk.